Academic Vocabulary

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Biology I Academic Vocabulary and percentage found on EOI Biology Exam

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Biology EOI Content Limits Vocabulary 10-11.doc



Unit 1

  • Nucleus
  • Plasma membrane (cell membrane)
  • Cell wall
  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosomes
  • Mitochondria
  • Chloroplasts
  • Osmosis
  • Diffusion
  • Ratio of surface area to volume in cells
  • Eukaryotic
  • Prokaryotic
  • Hypotonic
  • Hypertonic
  • Isotonic

· Classify cells as plant, animal, fungal or bacterial

· Permeable

· Transport (active, passive)

· Homeostasis

· Phospholipids

· Cytoskeleton

· Lysosomes

· Centrioles

· Endoplasmic Reticulum

· Golgi apparatus

· Cytosol

· Vacuoles

· Cilia

· Flagella

· Calvin Cycle

· Kreb Cycle

· Levels of organization *Cellular-- tissue-- organ-- organ-system--organism

· The cell is the basic unit of life

  • · Multi-cellular *Unicellular

  • · Properties of tissues ( muscle tissue—high level of mitochondria)

  • · SI units and tools needed to measure at different organizational levels

  • · Cell theory

  • · Cause/ effect relationships


  • Identify why organisms need energy and how they obtain it

  • *Photosynthesis

  • · Photosynthesis requires light, carbon dioxide (CO2), chlorophyll, and water (H2O), and produces oxygen (O2) and food.

  • *Cellular respiration- the need to make food and release energy from food and the basic steps in these processes.

  • · Respiration requires food and oxygen (O2) and produces carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and releases energy. Plants also respire.

  • · ATP

  • · Differentiate between reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration

  • · All energy available to living things ultimately relies on the sun.

  • · Analyze how temperature, wavelength, concentration of gases affect photosynthesis

  • · All organisms use cellular respiration to obtain energy from food.

  • · Chemical composition of ATP

  • · Formation of ADP

  • · Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration

  • · Types of chemical bonds between atoms (covalent and ionic)

  • · Balancing chemical equations

  • DNA
  • RNA
  • Base pair matching
  • Cell cycle: G1, S, G2, mitosis, cytokinesis
  • Replication (DNA to DNA) Transcription (DNA to RNA)
  • Recognize how a mutation changes the DNA sequence and identify the resulting change in protein formation.
  • Proteins are involved in expressing the traits coded in DNA.
  • DNA—RNA—Protein. (Central Dogma)
  • The basic concepts of the processes and results of mitosis (nucleus divides, two identical daughter cells produced
  • Compare results of mitosis and meiosis
  • Names of the stages of mitosis and meiosis
  • Nucleotide
  • Enzyme
  • Bio-molecules
  • Calculate cells produced over a period of time
  • Diploid
  • Haploid

Unit 2

  • · Evaluate the significance of meiosis to genetic continuity and genetic diversity.

  • · Interpret, analyze, evaluate data, and make predictions from a Punnett square

  • · The processes and results of meiosis (nucleus divides; four haploid gametes produced)

  • · Pedigrees and pedigree charts

  • · Single-trait crosses

  • · Punnett square

  • · Percent/Proability of offspring using Punnett square

  • · Sex-linked traits / alleles

  • · Incomplete dominance

  • · Genotype/ Phenotype

  • · Homozygous/Heterozygous

  • · Dominant trait/ Recessive trait

  • · Genes ( encoding, expression, mutation)

  • · Alleles

  • · Monohybrid crosses

  • · P parent F 1 generation F 2 generation

  • · Crossing over, synapsis, tetrads, non-disjunction, multiple alleles and polygenic traits

Unit 3

  • · Natural selection
  • · Mass extinction, mutation, changes in gene frequency, variation within a species
  • · Interpret, analyze, and/or evaluate information to determine how biological adaptations (such as changes in structures, behaviors, physiology) enhance or deter(limit) survival and reproductive success in a particular environment
  • · Short term adjustments of individual organisms during their lifetime are not passed on to offspring.
  • · Evolution
  • · Niche
  • · Biomass
  • · Adaptations occur over time
  • · Mutations occur randomly and are selected because they help organisms survive and produce more offspring
  • · Biological adaptations are determined genetically
  • · Context of biomes that will enhance or limit survival and reproductive success


  • · Evaluate the relatedness of organisms given information regarding internal structures, chemical processes, and/or other evidence of their ancestry

  • · Divisions of a biological classification system
  • · Homologous structures
  • · Analogous structures
  • · Dichotomous keys
  • · Phylogenetic trees
  • · Cladograms
  • · Homologous structures
  • · Analogous structures
  • · Differentiate between appropriate(fossils, anatomical, embryological development, biochemical, geographical, ecological evidence) and inappropriate information for determining species relatedness

  • · Convergent evolution
  • · Divergent evolution




Unit 4

  • · Trophic levels
  • · Autotrophs and Heterotrophs/ Producers and Consumers
  • · Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Decomposer
  • · Energy pyramids
  • · 10% rule
  • · Biomass
  • · Food webs, food chains
  • · Photosynthesis and respiration in conservation and cycling of matter and energy (conservation of energy)

  • Carbon cycle
  • Nitrogen cycle
  • Water cycle

  • · Trophic levels ( primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary)
  • · Conservation of Mass and Energy in the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration

  • · Biogeochemical processes
  • · Decomposers
  • · Cycling of nutrients
  • · Identify and understand processes involved in the movement of matter between the living and nonliving components of the biosphere.
  • · Explain the effect of cyclic changes in the biosphere
  • · Movement of matter between living and non living components in the biosphere
  • · Interrelationships between biotic and abiotic factors
  • · Decomposition
  • · Abiotic
  • · Biotic
  • · Recycling
  • · Identify photosynthesis and cellular respiration as either part of biotic or abiotic cycles



  • Symbiosis
  • Population
  • Parasitism
  • Habitat
  • Competition
  • Community
  • Predator-prey relationships
  • Ecosystem
  • Commensalism
  • Venn diagrams
  • Mutualism
  • Data tables
  • Niches
  • Graphs
  • Relate and identify interactions between species within the context of a biome


  • Make predictions based on:

  • Limiting factors Carrying capacity
  • Predation Food supply
  • Habitat Biotic potenti
  • Natality Mortality
  • Immigration Emigration
  • Colonization Population density
  • Biomass
  • Interpret the population dynamics resulting in J-shaped and S-shaped growth curves.
  • Ecological succession
  • Compare age structure of rapidly growing , slow-growing and no-growth countries

Physiological responses to stimuli

  • Interpret models of:

  • · Homeostasis
  • · Geotropism
  • · Chemotropism
  • · Phototropism
  • · Response to light, sound, chemicals and gravity
  • · Simple Feedback loops
  • · The role of sensory cells
  • · Stimulus and response
  • · Cell’s ability to respond to internal changes and external stimuli

Evaluate the types of behavioral adaptations displayed by species to ensure reproductive success.

Organisms have behavioral responses to internal changes and to external stimuli.

  • · Migration
  • · Hibernation
  • · Schooling
  • · Flocking
  • · Territoriality
  • · Mating rituals
  • · Feeding behavior
  • · Innate behavior and Learned behavior
  • · Behavioral responses: social behaviors, communication